LESSON DESIGNING AND EVALUATION

 

   Meaning and Definitions of Lesson plan:

      A lesson plan is actually a plan of action of what the teacher has to act in the class-room. For all effective, successful and impressive teaching lesson plan is indispensable.

     Lesson plan is teacher’s mental and emotional visualization of class room activities.

Definitions:

1. Goods Define Lesson plan as “Outline of the important points of a lesson arranged in order in which they are to be presented to students by the teacher.”
2. N.L. Bossing defines “Lesson plan is the title given to a statement of achievement to be realized and the specific means by which these are to be attained as a result of activities engaged in during the period.”
3. Binning and Binning- “Daily lesson planning involves defining objectives, selecting and arranging the subject matter and determining the method and procedure.

Importance of Lesson plan

1.       The lesson plan provides the guide lines to the teacher during teaching.

2.       To provide awareness of teaching objectives and structure of content of teaching has to perform his activities in the direction to achieve the objectives.

3.       The sequence of content is to be presented through task analysis.

4.       It provides an opportunity to link the new with old knowledge.

5.       The materials, approach of teaching is predetermined.

6.       It makes the present sequential.

7.       It helps the teacher in reinforcing the student learning.

8.       It provides scope for giving consideration to individual differences.

9.       The effectiveness of lesson depends upon the quality of lesson plan prepared.

10.   The teacher can anticipate the problems likely to be discussed in the classroom during the preparation of lesson plan itself.

    Advantages of Lesson plan

1. Lesson planning helps the teacher in organizing the activities systematically.
2. It helps the teacher to gain confidence.
3. It brings awareness to the teacher about the aims to be realized.
4. It develops the teaching to move on right path.
5. It helps in meeting the Needs and interest of students.
6. It helps in increasing the classroom interaction style.
7. It provides more freedom in thinking.
8. It stimulates the teacher to ask striking questions.
9.  It saves a lot of time.
10. It helps in making correlation between the concepts with the pupil’s environment.

                           EVALUATION APPROACH TO LESSON PLANNING

The evaluation approach is quite popular. B. S. Bloom who gave us system of classification of objective, propagates this approach.  According to him education may be regarded as a tripolar process involving educational objectives, learning experiences and evaluation devices. It may be diagrammatically represented as shown below,

                                                         Educational objectives

                            Evaluation Devices                          Learning Experiences

                           Evaluation approach has three components:

1.Educational Objectives: This component is concerned with the identification and formulation of educational objectives in relation to the terminal behavior. Terminal behaviours are comprising desired behaviours by learning experiences to be presented to the students. These objectives are clearly specified and written in observable behavioral terms.

2. Learning Experiences:  This is concerned with the provision of suitable learning environment. The learning environment is created by learning experiences provided for the realization of stipulated educational objectives. While planning learning experiences, the following ideas are to be kept in mind by the teacher.

a)       Selection of the learning experiences and its systematic organization according to the specific behavioural changes.

b)      Planning teacher and students’ interaction. This consists of sequences of teacher-student activities proposed by the teacher. Selection of suitable teaching-learning strategies, method and techniques suitable to the nature of content, intelligence of the learner and teacher preferences.

c)       Selection of suitable learning materials and instructional resources.

3.Evaluation: This component is concerned with the evaluation of the teaching learning outcomes. Teaching learning and evaluation go together. Teaching learning outcomes have to match stated objectives and specifications. Appropriate tools and techniques must be planned or evolved to assess immediate learning outcomes among students. The tools and techniques to assess behavioural changes must specifically meet the performance expectations in cognitive, conative and affective domains.

Steps of Evaluation Approach to Lesson planning

1.       Content or Teaching Point: In this first column of the lesson planning, the concepts or the subject matter or content is written in the form of main teaching points.

2.       Objectives and their specifications: In this column the instructional objectives in clear and specific behavioural terms in relation to the content column is to be written.

3.       Teacher’s activity: In this column of the lesson planning, all the activities to be performed by the teacher corresponding to the teaching point are to be written systematically.

4.       Student’s Activity: In this column all the activities to be undertaken by the student’s in relation to the corresponding content are to be written.

5.       Learning aids: In this column different types of learning aids to be used in relation to the content and objectives are to be mentioned.

6.       Evaluation: In this column of lesson planning the evaluation technique to be used should be written clearly. It should be directly related to the instructional objectives. It helps to know to what extent stipulated objectives have been realized by the teaching learning process. The result provides necessary feedback to students and teachers to improve further teaching learning process.

      Lesson plan (Evaluation approach)

1. General Information

Name of the teacher: ______________________________

Class: ____________________

Subject: _________________ Unit: ___________________________________

Date: __________________   Period: ___________________________

School: ___________________

2. Sources Consulted: ________________________________
3. Development:

 

Teaching points	Instructional Objectives	Teacher’s Activity	Pupil’s Activity	Learning Aids	Evaluation

  Merits of Evaluation Approach to Lesson Planning

1.       This approach will provide for specification of instructional or learning objectives in behavioural form. So, it is easy to achieve the objectives.

2.       This approach is suitable to achieve not only cognitive objectives but also affective and conative objectives.

3.       There is horizontal link between instructional objectives, teacher, student activities and evaluation so it makes teaching more meaningful and systematic.

4.       It is a student-centered approach. The whole planning is done to bring about desired changes in the behavior of the students.

5.       Here provision is made for continuous evaluation. The learning outcome is assessed immediately as and when it occurs.

6.       Like Herbartian approach the learning process is not compartmentalized. Here learning is made continuous process.

      Limitations of Evaluation Approach

1.       All the human behavior has all the three components i.e. cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The behavioural outcomes cannot be specified only in one domain as it is done in this approach.

2.       Here the specific instructional objectives are achieved one by one. There is no provision for integration all the learning outcomes into one integrated experience.

3.       There is no provision to evaluate integrated learning outcome at the end of the lesson.