UNIT PLAN
UNIT PLAN
Meaning and Definitions:
According to preston “A unit is as large block of related subject matter
as can be over-viewed by the learner”.
Planning a unit is similar to lesson planning. A unit may have various
lessons. Therefore, it may not be completed in one class period. Unit plan are
very helpful for the new teachers because it helps him to know exactly how much
subject matter in a certain topic suits the varying age levels of the students.
Unit plan is the proper selection of
learning activities which are closely related with each other and presents a
complete picture. Unit plan is a plan made on the entire unit which may
consists a set of concepts, principles, generalizations etc. which in turn together build themselves into a
unit. It is systematic and scientific arrangement of subject matter.
Definitions:
- “A unit consists of a
comprehensive series of related and meaningful activities so as to achieve
pupils’ purposes, provide significant educational experiences and results
inappropriate behavioural changes”.
–Bossing.
- “The teaching unit is a group of related
concepts from which a given set of instructional and educational
experiences are derived.” -----Hoover.
- “An outline of carefully selected subject
matter which has been isolated because of its relationship to pupil needs
and interests”. ------Samford.
- “A unit plan is one which involves a
series of learning experiences that are linked to achieve the aims composed
of both methodology and content.”
- Caster V Good “Unit may be described as an
organization of various activities, experiences and types of learning
around a central problem of purpose, developed co-operatively by a group
of pupils under teacher leadership.”
- H.C. Morrison” A unit consists of a
comprehensive series of related and meaningful activities so developed as
to achieve pupil purpose provide significant educational experience and
result in appropriate behavioural changes.”
Characteristics
of a Good Unit plan:
1.
The aims should be clear and well defined.
2.
All teaching points are logically arranged.
3.
The aids to be used are very clear in a good
unit.
4.
It should be complete integrated whole in the organization.
5.
It should be based on principle of psychology.
6.
A good unit provides activities for students.
Students do not sit as mere passive recipients of knowledge.
7.
It should be correlated with other subjects and daily
life experiences.
8.
It should provide for individual difference.
9.
A good unit is always comprehensible within the
access of pupil.
10.
The structure of unit plan is very scientific.
11.
The form of teaching unit is practical rather theoretical.
12.
Unit plan provides on opportunity to increase
class-room interaction.
13.
It provides a basic for the evaluation of student
performance and teaching effectiveness.
14.
Unit plan provides a frame work for developing
lesson plans.
Criteria of Good Unit plan (How to
plan a Unit)
While planning a teaching unit the
following points should be kept in view.
1.
It should keep in view the needs, the
capabilities and the interest of the students.
2.
There should be a provision for new experiences.
3.
It should permit a variety of field trips,
experiments, demonstrations and projects etc.
4.
It should be result of the co-operative planning
of teacher and pupils as far as possible.
5.
It should be flexible so as to allow the above average
pupils to go beyond the limits of the unit.
6.
It should be directly related to social and physical
environment of the learner.
7.
It should be prepared the sound psychological
knowledge of the learner.
8.
It should take into account the previous experiences
and background of the students.
9.
It should help anticipate and satisfy some of
the future needs of the students.
10.
The material of the unit should consist of familiar
and related topics and not as remote and strange now.
11.
The length of the unit should be such as to
maintain the interest of the students up to the last.
Importance of Unit Plan in Teaching
1.
The unit plan helps the teacher to select
objectives appropriate to the nature of the unit.
2.
Whole learning is more meaningful than part or
stray learning. The unit plan unifies the knowledge, understanding and skill
into meaningful and well organized “whole”.
3.
Unit plan helps the teacher to plan daily lesson
plans. Teachers find it easy to prepare daily lessons on the basis of unit
plan.
4.
The teacher should have deeper understanding of
the subject matter to prepare a unit plan. So he has to study more to group the
content and the structure of the unit. The unit plan automatically develops confidence
in the teacher in teaching the unit.
5.
The teaching learning process becomes easy by
unit plan. In the unit plan, the teacher analyses the content systematically
into major concepts and minor concepts, principles and skills. The complex
concepts are analyzed into simpler concepts. The whole teaching-learning process
is made simple by unit plan.
6.
The unit plan of instruction helps the teacher
to attend to individual differences, directed study and remedial teaching. A
unit test administered after completing the unit aids teacher in gathering data
on performance and recognizes vulnerable aspects of student learning.
Essential Components of Unit plan
The
unit plan should have the following essential components.
1.
It should contain the general information with
respect to teacher, school, class, date, number of periods required etc.
2.
The previous knowledge of the students with respect
to the unit must be mentioned clearly.
3.
The source books consulted to prepare the unit
plan be mentioned with name of the author, name of the book, publisher,
publication year.
4.
It should contain general objectives of the unit
in clear terms.
5.
All the instructional objectives in all the
areas of general objectives mentioned in the plan, should be stated in the form
of behavioural outcomes clearly.
6.
Content of the whole unit must be analyzed into
major concepts, sub-concepts, skills and process. While analyzing them the
continuity should be maintained. The scope of the content must be clear.
7.
It should contain the motivational activities,
learning aids to teach each sub-units/concepts of the unit. There should be
horizontal link between sub-concepts, instructional objectives, teacher-student
activities and learning aids.
8.
The number of lessons or periods required to
teach the whole unit should be stated.
9.
It should contain teacher’s activity, student’s
activity, learning aids to teach each sub-unit/concepts of the unit. There
should be horizontal link between sub concepts, instructional objectives,
teacher-student activities and learning aids.
10.
The unit plan should contain review and drill
activities for the whole unit to consolidate the whole learning experience.
11.
It should contain ‘Unit Test’ to evaluate
learning outcomes. There should be direct link between instructional objectives,
and evaluation items.
12.
The homework and assignment for the whole unit should
be in the form of varied activities.
Steps in Writing Unit Plan
The unit plan writing
is carried out with the following steps:
1.
Furnishing preliminary information: In
this step, teacher has to furnish the basic information with regard to the
teaching unit. This includes the subject in which the unit plan is to be
prepared the little of the unit on which the unit is prescribed, number of
periods required for teaching the unit.
2.
Analyzing the Unit: After selecting a
unit for the preparation of unit plan the teacher has to analyze the unit in to
its sub-units. These sub-units are listed under sub heading and they are
further analyzed in terms of listing the major concepts, principles, generalization
etc. sub unit wise.
3.
Identification of Instructional Objectives:
As suggested by the NCERT for unit plan writing in physics only from major instructional
objectives. Such as Remembering (knowledge), understanding, application and
skill are taken into consideration. These objectives have to be written in behavioural
terms or as expected learning outcomes of learning the unit. The objectives and
specifications must be written sub-unit wise.
4.
Identification of Teaching-learning materials:
In teaching a unit, a teacher of physics must invariables use certain materials
to make teaching-learning very concrete, verse the teacher must identify the
materials that he is going to use as teaching aids in teaching of unit. A list
of such materials required for teaching the unit have to be prepared.
5.
Providing Learning Experiences: In this
stage the structure or format of unit plan is completed by furnishing all activities
in the relevant columns of the format. In content analysis column and sub unit
headings and major teaching points are to be written. In expected learning outcome
column, the objective and its specification is to be written for learning
experience column the teacher activity and corresponding pupil activity to be
written. As a separate unit test is administered after teaching the unit usually
nothing is written in the evaluation column of the format.
6.
Providing Additional Activities: In order
to enrich the unit content and to retain the knowledge of the learnt unit, teacher
should provide some additional activities in the form of assignments,
references, visits to be made, experiments to be conducted outside the school
etc.
7.
Administer a Unit Test: After the
teaching of a unit, the teacher should construct a unit test with a due weightage
for content, objective and form of questions to group of students whom the unit
has been taught. Then the performance of the students must be assessed and
assessment may be used for judging the learning. Based on this judgement proper
feedback is to be given and appropriate remedial measures are taken.
FORMAT OF THE UNIT PLAN
Format-A:
1.General
Information:
a)
Name of the Teacher: _____________________
b)
School : ____________________
c)
Name of the Unit :________________________
d)
Number of Periods required: _____________________
1.
Previous knowledge: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.
Source Consulted: ___________________________________________________
3.
General Objectives: _____________________________________________________________
Remembering: ______________________
Understanding: __________________________
Applying: ________________________
Skill: __________________________
(All the general
objectives to be attained will be mentioned here.)
4.
Content Analysis:
Major Concepts: __________________________________
________________________________________________
Sub-concepts: ___________________________________
_________________________________________________
Principles: _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
Skills; ________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
5.
Motivation/Preparation:
6.
Development
|
Sl. No. |
Major Concepts |
Scope of the Content |
No. Of periods required |
Procedure to be adopted
indicate Method/Technique |
Learning aids |
|
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.
Drill & Review: Method of drill and review be
mentioned.
8.
Evaluation: Unit test.
9.
Home work/Assignment: The activities to be
assigned be mentioned.
Format-B:
Unit:
______________________
Major Concept: _________________________
Development:
|
Sub-Concepts |
Instructional Objectives |
Teachers Activity |
Students Activity |
Learning Aids |
Evaluation |
|
1. 2. Review |
|
|
|
|
|
Suggested Activities: Select a
suitable teaching unit in your subject and prepare a unit plan.
Advantages
of Unit planning:
1.
It clears the aims-general as well as specific,
for teaching.
2.
It helps the teacher to have mastery over the content.
3.
It helps to develop the democratic atmosphere in
the class where teacher and students work in a co-operative manner.
4.
It develops certain skills among the students
and sharpens their insight.
5.
It initiates for novel learning.
6.
The students can apply the knowledge gained in
other life situation also.
7.
It makes provision to provide variety of learning
experiences.
8.
As student learn independently it gives
confidence develops resourcefulness and reliance.
9.
Teacher can cater the needs, aptitudes and
attitudes according to the individual difference of students.
10.
It saves time.
11.
It provides a frame work for the preparation of
lesson plan.
Demerits of Unit planning:
1.
It requires efficient, hard working and training
teachers who are not always available.
2.
Leads to confusion when the content is not
systematically organized.
3.
Evaluation is not possible at lower stage.
4. It requires patience for its preparation.
Differences
between Unit plan and Lesson plan
|
Unit Plan |
Lesson Plan |
|
1.It is a plan for one period. |
|
2.Content is presented in terms of teaching point in logical and
psychological order. |
|
3.Learning experiences are written specifically. |
|
4.It is the part of the whole. |
|
5.In the lesson plan, actual test items are given and evaluation procedures
are used. |
|
6. Formative evaluation is used. |
|
7.This for sub-unit. |
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